| دستورات SQL |
نحوه استفاده |
| AND / OR |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
AND|OR condition |
| ALTER TABLE |
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype
or
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name |
| AS (alias) |
SELECT column_name AS column_alias
FROM table_name
or
SELECT column_name
FROM table_name AS table_alias |
| BETWEEN |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
BETWEEN value1 AND value2 |
| CREATE DATABASE |
CREATE DATABASE database_name |
| CREATE TABLE |
CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type,
column_name2 data_type,
column_name2 data_type,
...
) |
| CREATE INDEX |
CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
or
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name) |
| CREATE VIEW |
CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition |
| DELETE |
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column=some_value
or
DELETE FROM table_name |
| DROP DATABASE |
DROP DATABASE database_name |
| DROP INDEX |
DROP INDEX table_name.index_name (SQL Server)
DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name (MS Access)
DROP INDEX index_name (DB2/Oracle)
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP INDEX index_name (MySQL) |
| DROP TABLE |
DROP TABLE table_name |
| GROUP BY |
SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name |
| HAVING |
SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value |
| IN |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
IN (value1,value2,..) |
| INSERT INTO |
INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....) or INSERT INTO table_name
(column1, column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....) |
| INNER JOIN |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
INNER JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
| LEFT JOIN |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
LEFT JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
| RIGHT JOIN |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
RIGHT JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
| FULL JOIN |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
FULL JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name |
| LIKE |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern |
| ORDER BY |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC] |
| SELECT |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name |
| SELECT * |
SELECT *
FROM table_name |
| SELECT DISTINCT |
SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)
FROM table_name |
| SELECT INTO |
SELECT *
INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]
FROM old_table_name or SELECT column_name(s)
INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]
FROM old_table_name |
| SELECT TOP |
SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)
FROM table_name |
| TRUNCATE TABLE |
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name |
| UNION |
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2 |
| UNION ALL |
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION ALL
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2 |
| UPDATE |
UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value,...
WHERE some_column=some_value |
| WHERE |
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value |
